Many people probably think of Brazil when they hear the word samba, so I’ll explain the terminology. In Brazil, December 2nd of each year is designated as Samba Day. When most people think of samba, they imagine women dancing with loud music and flashy costumes, don’t they? Samba is considered to be traditional Brazilian music, but it did not originate from music but from group dance.
What is samba?
Samba is a collective dance created by African ethnic groups in Brazil. The music used in the dance is samba music. It was originally considered a ballroom dance, but it is also recognized as music. This samba is unique because it is in 2/4 time. Samba mainly uses Brazilian percussion instruments influenced by African music. African religious folk dances brought in by blacks and European dances are mixed, and it is recognized as a fusion genre. Samba has a wide variety of genres, and it is said that there are more than 100 rhythms and styles, so it is difficult to generalize. Samba dancing is based on leg and hip movements and is mostly improvised.
history
Since Brazil was “discovered” by Portugal in 1500, Portugal has a history of taking African slaves to Brazil using the west coast of Africa as a stopover. Brazil is a multi-ethnic country. Samba is a music genre that was born under the influence of both blacks and whites in Brazil, and it is said that this music genre was established around 1910. It reached its peak around 1930 and became the representative music of Brazil. From the 1950s to the 1960s, samba changed under the influence of American music. Samba Bossa Nova was born, with simpler rhythms and more lyrical lyrics. This genre became popular and became a major genre in Brazil.
Samba has continued to evolve since then. Music combining samba with other genres appeared in the 1990s, and elements of pop music were also incorporated. In the 2000s, pop music based on samba rhythms was born, and this is called Pagoge. Pagode is one of the popular genres in Brazil today. 2016 is the 100th anniversary of the birth of samba, and various events such as the operation of a commemorative train were held in Brazil to commemorate this.
subgenre
Dancing is the main genre, but there are subgenres. It is a staple in Brazil, where the culture of dancers dancing to marching themes and music used in parades is widespread. At the famous carnival held in Rio de Janeiro, the following genres are played when you participate. Rio Carnival is the biggest festival of samba teams in Rio de Janeiro, and it is also an important political event. It consists of singers, string instruments, percussion instruments, etc., and is performed in teams one after another.
Partido alto
The rhythm is often played in samba, and many instruments accent this rhythm. The genre is said to have originated from being played at religious parties in rural communities.
Samba-enredo
A subgenre of modern samba made for the Brazilian Carnival celebrations.
Samba Rock
Brazilian music genre that fuses samba with soul, rock and funk. In the late 1950s, a movement that fused with rock and roll was born. In the 1960s this genre became very popular in Brazil.
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